| Peruvian Writers (Escritores peruanos) |
1.- Cesar Vallejo:
|
| Life Details: |
Biography: |
| Name |
: |
Cesar Abraham Vallejo Mendoza |
| Place of birth |
: |
Santiago de Chuco - La Libertad |
| Date of birth |
: |
March 16th, 1892 |
| Occupation |
: |
Journalist, teacher, poet and writer |
| Parents |
: |
Francisco De Paula Vallejo Benítez
María de los Santos Mendoza Gurrionero
|
| Studies |
: |
Literature - National University of Trujillo |
| Wife |
: |
Georgette Marie Philippant, a French girl (1934) |
| Nº of Children |
: |
No children |
| Writing Style |
: |
Prose and verse |
| Favorite genre |
: |
Poetry |
| Topic of his works |
: |
The human pain and suffering |
| First work |
: |
The Black Heralds (1918) |
| Most famous works |
: |
The Black Heralds, Human Poems, Trilce, El Tungsteno, Paco Yunque. |
| Place of death |
: |
Paris - France |
| Date of death |
: |
April 15th, 1938 |
|
Cesar Abraham Vallejo Mendoza was born in Santiago de chuco, La Libertad, on March 16th, 1892. He died in Paris, France, on April 15th, 1938. The clinic records state that he died of an “acute intestinal infection”. He was a journalist, teacher, poet and writer. He was considered one of the great poetic innovators of the 20th century.
His parents were Francisco De Paula Vallejo Benítez and María de los Santos Mendoza Gurrionero. He was the youngest of eleven children. He married Georgette Marie Philippant, a French girl, in 1934, but he did not have any children.
He studied elementary school at 271 School in Santiago de Chuco and high school at San Nicolás National School in Huamachuco. In 1910 he started studying Literature at National University of Trujillo, but the lack of money forced him to leave his studies for a time. Then, he went back to his Literature studies and studied Law at the same time at National University of Trujillo.
In 1915 he got a Bachelor's degree in Literature and continued studying Law until 1917. However, his life in Trujillo became complicated by a tortured love affair so he traveled to Lima where, in order to get his doctorate in Literature and Law he continued his studies at Nacional University of San Marcos.
In 1920 Vallejo returned to his birthplace where he became involved in a political insurrection during which the town's general store burned down. He was accused of instigating the conflict and was jailed for nearly three months. Added to the death of his mother, the isolation and savagery of jail conditions affected him deeply the rest of his life.
He wrote in prose and verse and his favorite genre was the poetry. He wrote about the human pain and suffering. His first work was The Black Heralds which was published in 1918. His most famous works are The Black Heralds, Human poems, Trilce, El Tungsteno and Paco Yunque. |
2.- José Carlos Mariátegui:
|
| Life Details: |
Biography: |
| Name |
: |
José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira |
| Place of birth |
: |
Moquegua |
| Date of birth |
: |
June 14th, 1894 |
| Occupation |
: |
Journalist, Marxist politician and writer |
| Parents |
: |
Francisco Javier Mariátegui Requejo
María Amalia La Chira Ballejos
|
| Studies |
: |
He did not finish elementary school |
| Wife |
: |
Anna Chiappe Giacomini, a Italian girl (1921) |
| Nº of Children |
: |
Four children |
| Writing Style |
: |
Prose |
| Favorite genre |
: |
Essay |
| Topic of his works |
: |
Politics and socialism |
| First work |
: |
The contemporary scene (1925) |
| Most famous works |
: |
The Contemporary Scene, Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality |
| Place of death |
: |
Lima |
| Date of death |
: |
April 16th, 1930 |
|
José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira was born
in Moquegua on June 14th, 1894. He was a journalist, Marxist politician, political philosopher, activist and writer. He is considered one of the most influential Latin American socialists of the 20th century. He was the founder of the Peruvian Socialist Party in 1928 which became the Peruvian Comunist Party in 1930.
His parents were Francisco Javier Mariátegui La Chira and María Amalia La Chira Ballejos. He had one brother and one sister and he was the youngest of them.
In 1902 he had an accident at school in which he injured his left leg and was moved to a hospital in Lima. Despite a four-year-long convalescence, his leg remained fragile and he was not able to continue his studies. In addition, the injury led to severe health problems later in his life. Despite this, he devoted himself to reading and reflection, that is, he was a self-taught person.
At the age of fourteen he began working for daily newspapers, firstly as an assistant but rising to an editor. In 1919 he launched a newspaper called La Razón where he supported the university reform and a strike of the labour movement held in May, along with lowering the cost of subsistence goods. The paper's aggressive radicalism brought him into conflict with Leguía's government.
He was given a government allowance to leave Peru for Europe in 1920 so he traveled through France, Germany, Austria and eventually living in Italy for two years, where he married an Italian woman, Ana Chiappe, in 1921 with whom he had four children.
He wrote in prose and his favorite genre was the essay. He wrote about politics and socialism. His first work was The Contemporary Scene which was published in 1925. His most famous works are The Contemporary Scene and Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality.
Finally, he died in Lima on April 16th, 1930 of complications from his earlier injury. |
|
3.- Ciro Alegría:
|
| Life Details: |
Biography: |
| Name |
: |
Ciro Alegría Bazán |
| Place of birth |
: |
Sartimbamba - La Libertad |
| Date of birth |
: |
November 4th, 1909 |
| Occupation |
: |
Journalist, politician, teacher, novelist and writer |
| Parents |
: |
José Eliseo Alegría Lynch
María Herminia Bazán Lynch
|
| Studies |
: |
National University of Trujillo |
| Wife |
: |
Rosalía Amézquita Alegría (1935), Ligia Marchand (1945), Dora Varona Gil (1957) |
| Nº of Children |
: |
Six children |
| Writing Style |
: |
Prose |
| Favorite genre |
: |
Novel |
| Topic of his works |
: |
The Northern Peruvian Indians' life |
| First work |
: |
The Golden Serpent (1935) |
| Most famous works |
: |
Broad and Allien is the World, The Golden Snake, The Hungry Dogs |
| Place of death |
: |
Chaclacayo - Lima |
| Date of death |
: |
February 17th, 1967 |
|
Ciro Alegría Bazán was born in Sartimbamba, La Libertad, on November 4th, 1909. He was a journalist, politician, teacher, novelist and writer. He is considered one of the most important representatives of the indigenista literary movement in Peru.
His parents were José Eliseo Alegría Lynch and María Herminia Bazán Lynch. He was the eldest of five children.
He studied elementary and high school at San Juan National School in Trujillo. In 1917 Cesar Vallejo was his teacher. In 1930 he enrolled in the Faculty of Letters of the National University of Trujillo, but he did not finish his studies because he was expelled for joining the Aprista movement and becoming an active agitator for social reform. In addition, he was twice jailed for his political activities and exiled to Chile in 1934.
He married Rosalía Amézquita Alegría in 1935 and they had two children. In 1945 he remarried Ligia Marchand, a Puerto Rican girl, but they had no children. Finally, in 1957 he remarried Dora Varona Gil, a Cuban poet, and they had four children.
He wrote in prose and his favorite genre was the novel. He wrote about the northern Peruvian Indians' life. His first work was The Golden Serpent which was published in 1935. His most famous works are Broad and Allien is the World, The Golden Serpent and The Hungry Dogs. He won the Latin American Novel Prize in 1941 with his work Broad and Allien is the World.
Finally, he died in Chaclacayo, Lima, on February 17th, 1967 of brain hemorrhage, after a painful agony.
|
|
4.- Francisco Izquierdo Ríos:
|
| Life Details: |
Biography: |
| Name |
: |
Francisco Izquierdo Ríos |
| Place of birth |
: |
Saposoa - San Martín |
| Date of birth |
: |
August 29th, 1910 |
| Occupation |
: |
Teacher, government employee, poet and writer |
| Parents |
: |
Francisco Izquierdo López
Silvia Ríos Seijas
|
| Studies |
: |
National Pedagogical Institute of Lima |
| Wife |
: |
Robertina Hernández Tuesta (1932), Olga López Ibarra (1934) |
| Nº of Children |
: |
Three children |
| Writing Style |
: |
Prose and verse |
| Favorite genre |
: |
Tale |
| Topic of his works |
: |
The landscapes and the life of people of the jungle |
| First work |
: |
Sachapuyas (1936) |
| Most famous works |
: |
The Bagrecico, Voyá |
| Place of death |
: |
Lima |
| Date of death |
: |
June 30th, 1981 |
|
Francisco Izquierdo was born in Saposoa, San Martín, on August 29th, 1910. He was a teacher, government employee, poet and writer. He is the founder of Peruvian children's stories.
His parents were Francisco Izquierdo Saavedra and Silvia Ríos Seijas. He had two brothers and four sisters as well as a paternal half sister, and he was the second of them all.
He studied elementary school until the third grade in his hometown, at 181 School, today Aníbal Segundo del Águila Guevara School. Then, he continued his elementary studies at 171 School in Moyobamba. He also studied high school in this city, at San José National School, today Serafín Filomeno Peña. Since he was an outstanding student, he won a scholarship from the Ministry of Education to any Pedagogical Institute of the country so he studied higher education at National Pedagogical Institute of Lima where he graduated as a teacher.
He got engaged to Robertina Hernández Tuesta in 1932 and they had a daughter. Then, he married Olga López Ibarra in 1934 and they had two sons.
He wrote in prose and verse and was devoted himself entirely to literature for children so his favorite genre was the tale. He
wrote about the lanscapes and the life of people of the jungle. His first work was sachapuyas which was published in 1936. His most famous works are The Bagrecico and Voyá.
Finally, he died in Lima, on June 30th, 1981 at the age of 70 years.
|
|
5.- José María Arguedas:
|
| Life Details: |
Biography: |
| Name |
: |
José María Arguedas Altamirano |
| Place of birth |
: |
Andahuaylas - Apurímac |
| Date of birth |
: |
January 18th, 1911 |
| Occupation |
: |
Ethnologist, anthropologist, government employee, teacher and writer |
| Parents |
: |
Victor Manuel Arguedas Arellano
Victoria Altamirano Navarro
|
| Studies |
: |
Literature - National University of San Marcos |
| Wife |
: |
Celia Bustamante Vernal (1939), Sybila Arredondo (1967) |
| Nº of Children |
: |
No children |
| Writing Style |
: |
Prose and verse |
| Favorite genre |
: |
Novel |
| Topic of his works |
: |
The Southern Peruvian Indians' life |
| First work |
: |
Water (1935) |
| Most famous works |
: |
Water. Yawar Fiesta, Deep Rivers, The Sixth |
| Place of death |
: |
Lima |
| Date of death |
: |
December 2nd, 1969 |
|
José María Arguedas Altamirano was born in
Andahuaylas, Apurímac, on January 18th, 1911. He was an Ethnologist,
anthropologist, goverment employee, teacher and writer. He is considered
the most important representative of the indigenista literary movement in Peru.
His parents were Victor Manuel Arguedas Arellano and Victoria Altamirano
Navarro. He has one elder brother. Unfortunately, his mother died when
he was 2 years old so the absence of his father, a lawyer who travelled
frequently, and his bad relationship with his stepmother and stepbrother
made him take refuge in the care of the family's indigenous servants,
allowing him to immerse himself in the language and customs of the
Andes, which came to form an important part of his personality.
He went to elementary school in San Juan de Lucana, Puquio, and Abancay,
and completed his high school studies in Ica, Huancayo, and Lima. Then,
He studied Literature at National University of San Marcos and years
later Ethnology at the same university receiving his degree in 1957 and
his doctorate in 1963. Between 1937 and 1938 he was sent to prison for
his protesting an envoy sent to Peru by Italian dictator Benito
Mussolini.
He married Celia Bustamante Vernal in 1939 and got divorced in 1965.
They had no children. Then, he remarried Sybila Arredondo, a Chilean
girl, in 1967 and they did not have any children, either.
He wrote in prose and verse and in both languages Spanish and Quechua.
His favorite genre was the novel. He wrote about the southern Peruvian
Indians' life. His first work was Water which was published in 1935. His most famous works are Water, Yawar Fiesta, Deep Rivers and The Sixth.
Finally, he died in Lima on December 2nd, 1969. He committed suicide by
shooting himself in the head. It was difficult to find his place within
society because of the abuse he received from his stepmother and
stepbrother left him deep marks which in his adulthood led him to
continuous depressions. |
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